The corrosiveness of wet H3PO4 is complex and depends on the concentration of impurities (such as Cl, F, SO42, and Si4+). Herein, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the membrane purification process of pretreated industrial phosphoric acid using a . Phosphoric acid is a sequestering agent which binds many divalent cations, including Fe++, Cu++, Ca++, and Mg++. Common Covalent Binary Inorganic Compounds # of atoms Prefix (element closest to fluorine goes on right)Common Examples 1 Mono H 2 Hydrogen N 2 Nitrogen 2 Di O 2 Oxygen NH 3 Ammonia 3 Tri O 3 Ozone NO Nitrogen monoxide (Nitric Oxide) 4 Tetra H 2O Water (Dihydrogen Monoxide) NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide 5 Penta F 2 Fluorine N 2O Dinitrogen monoxide (Nitrous oxide) 6 Hexa HF Hydrogen fluoride N 1.Introduction. Many phosphates are not water soluble. As for the concentration of 0.52 mol/L, only the first dissociation of phosphoric acid should be considered, which means there is merely H 3 PO 4 and H 2 PO 4-in this phosphoric acid solution. HF Hydrofluoric acid Na + Sodium ion Cl . H3PO 4 Phosphoric acid Ag + Silver(I) ion HPO 42 . Static exchange capacity of the new phosphorus acid cationic exchange resins obtained by phospholysis of polymer based on cube waste of the Shurtan gas chemical complex and a secondary product of hydrolysis industry - furfural was determined by alkalometric titration using 0.1 N solution of NaOH and NaCl . Thus, H 3 PO 4 can release up to three H + ions. Phosphoric acid is H3PO4. . The compound p4s3 is oxidized by nitrate ions in acid solution to give phosphoric acid, sulfate ions, and nitric oxide no. Some typical cluster ions are selected, activated by coll. perfluorinated anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) in EED experiments for phosphoric acid purification, and the obtained acid possessed a low concentration of metal impurities.4 Moreover, the heavy metals were removed from the phosphoric acid solution with an EED technique in Ottosen's group.6 As a core component of EED, AEM is particularly Kinetic parameters were determined by analysing the modified Phosphoric acid appears as a white solid that is deliquescent and odorless. Salts of phosphoric acid can be formed by replacing one, two or three of the hydrogen ions. When it ionizes it forms H+ (cation) and H2PO4^1- (anion). However, industrial phosphoric acid is contaminated with undesirable impurities (such as F, Al, Fe, Mg, etc.). The other product is water. When your intentions is to freeze a product for long-term storage, we advise against using a phosphate buffer but suggest using a saline (0.9% NaCl) instead. Separation of Na + and NH 4 + is improved by adding 18-Crown 6-etherb in phosphate acid aqueous as eluent. Phosphate salts are ionic compounds. The exploitation of phosphate . A phosphoric acid, in the general sense, is a phosphorus oxoacid in which each phosphorus (P) atom is in the oxidation state +5, and is bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms, one of them through a double bond, arranged as the corners of a tetrahedron.Two or more of these PO 4 tetrahedra may be connected by shared single-bonded oxygens, forming linear or branched chains, cycles, or more complex . There are numerous metallic impurities in wet phosphoric acid, which causes striking negative effects on industrial phosphoric acid production. Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) is a weak acid. 4) iodic acid. It is most commonly found in aqueous form (dissolved in water), where it forms a colorless, thick liquid. The phosphate anion has -3 charge. If given the name, is the word acid in the name? It appears as a clear colourless liquid or as transparent crystalline solid. Phosphoric acid is an effective rust remover. The ammonium phosphate can be prepared in a lab by using ammonium solution and phosphoric acid. The space‑filling model in Figure 5.4 shows the three acidic hydrogen atoms of phosphoric acid. There can be hydrated and anhydrous forms of this compound. 10) H 2 SO 3. Phosphoric acid is produced on a massive scale for fertilizer by treating phosphate rock with sulfuric acid. Abstract. It acts on the rust by converting rust (Fe 2 O 3) to a form that can be dissolved in water — ferric phosphate (FePO 4 ). The utilization of phosphoric acid in various sectors, e.g., food industry, is controlled by the authorized concentration limit of impurities. H3PO 4 phosphoric acid HC 2H3O2 acetic acid H2C2O4 oxalic acid H2CO 3 carbonic acid Comment: . order of Ca 2+ ion and Mg 2+ ion is reversed in the case of phosphoric acid-based eluent. In the case of H3PO4, it forms H2PO4- (dihydrogen phosphate anion) as its conjugate . The melting point of the pure solid is 42.35C and has a density of 1.834gm/cm3. Electrodialysis (ED) with ion-exchange membranes is a promising method for the extraction of phosphates from municipal and other wastewater in order to obtain cheap mineral fertilizers. 1. 4 2 ‾ is an extremely weak acid. (2) Transition metal ions are eluted at a position of Vo in the tartaric acid / dipicolinic acid eluent, but eluted collectively between Ca 2+ ion and Mg 2+ ion in the phosphoric acid-based eluent. Phosphoric Acid is a colorless, odorless phosphorus -containing inorganic acid. Here, a positively charged ion or a cation is bonded to a phosphate ion via ionic bonds. Li + 2mg/L . 9. PO. The core of this technology is, thus, the design of effective monovalent cation-exchange membranes that allow the selective permeation of Li+ ions while rejecting the divalent ions. An improved method for determining trace anions in concentrated phosphoric acid has been developed to overcome this problem.1,2 Trace inorganic anions are separated from the high concentration of phosphate by an ion-exclusion separation prior to an ion-exchange separation. H3PO4 is triprotic acid (having three hydrogen ions or acidic protons) and it donates its three hydrogen ions sequentially. The nature of these counterparts in drugs can be an inorganic cation and organic acid, inorganic anion and organic base, and organic cation and organic anion. . . Hydrogen Phosphate Formula. View Available Hint(s) Acid H₂O Conjugate base H₂PO4+H₂O H₂PO4+H₂O+ H₂PO H₂O H₂PO, Base Conjugate acid Reset Help Part B Dihydrogen phosphate reacts with water to produce hydrogen . View Available Hint (s) Reset Help H,0 HO НАРО, H PO, Acid Conjugate base Base Conjugate acid Submit Part B . Only the shown diastereomer resulting from double inversion was obtained; in no cases did we observe competition from a direct S N2 substitution of the chloride. Transcribed image text: Part A Phosphoric acid reacts with water to yield dihydrogen phosphate ions and hydronium ions: Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs. (Advantage of Phosphoric acid eluent) The standard eluent of IC YK-421 is tartaric acid / dipicolinic acid eluent, but the storage stability of this eluen is poor and The solubility of the reagents used for eluent is also low, It was not possible to prepare the concentrated solution. Phosphoric acid is H3PO4. Part A Phosphoric acid reacts with water to yield dihydrogen phosphate ions and hydronium ions: Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs. The geometry of this anion is tetrahedral. 1.3. However, which phosphoric acid anions carry the phosphorus in the membrane and the boundary solution, that is . Step #3 - Use the minimum number of cations and anions needed to make the sum of all charges in the formula equal zero. . Phosphoric acid is now 100% dissociated into hydrogen ions (H) and dihydrogen phosphate anions (HPO) in a water solution. One of the main properties of ion exchangers is their exchange capacity. PABCs prepared at higher temperatures tended to possess a bigger proportion of microporous structure. The weakly ionized phosphate matrix ions are retained and elute as a large peak. Consider ONE more reaction, between sulfuric acid and barium hydroxide; H 2 SO 4(aq) + Ba(OH) 2(aq)---> To write the products we combine the anion of the acid with the cation of the base and write the correct formula following the principle of electroneutrality. what is the coefficient of h3po4 in the balanced equation for the reaction? Eight imidazolium ILs ([Cnmim][NTf2] and [Cnmim][BETI], n=4,6,8,10) and one pyrrolidinium IL ([C4mPy][NTf2]) were investigated as diluents using di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) as an extractant for separation of lanthanide ions from aqueous solutions of 50 mM glycolic acid or citric acid and 5 mM diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). OnPrimesep D these inogranic acids are retained by anion-exchange mechanism. The present invention relates to a method for removing metal ions in a phosphoric acid solution, and more particularly, to a method for removing metal ions in a phosphoric acid solution by activating an ion exchange resin by passing an ion exchange resin through an acid solution; Filling the activated ion exchange resin in a resin tower and washing with ultra pure water; And a step of passing . Monovalent and Divalent Cation Standards (5) (Phosphoric Acid + 18-Crown 6-Ether Eluent) With using IC YK-421, when Na + is contained so much in a sample, analysis of very small quantity of NH 4 + is difficult. The strength is determined by two factors: how easy it can give up a proton and its equilibrium constant for ionization in water. There are different types of ions, including cations, anions, and spectator ions. It is made by treating 85% phosphoric acid with 30% ammonia solution. Thus, the ion H. 2. One of the main properties of ion exchangers is their exchange capacity. Monovalent and divalent cation standards were analyzed using IC YK-421 (a column for cation analysis). The ion is unchanged . This separation is not applicable to dilute phosphoric acid samples because dilute phosphoric acid is partially ionized. Typical cation exchange membranes are composed of polyelectrolyte (PE) molecules containing sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, or carboxylic acid groups . Crystallographic structure of 1 with thermal ellipsoids shown at the 50% probability level and the TBA cation omitted for clarity. Be sure to balance this equation. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information Ammonium phosphate is an inorganic compound, it can be defined as an ammonium salt of orthophosphoric acid. Formula and structure: The chemical formula of phosphoric acid is H 3 PO 4. Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions Symbol Name Symbol Name H+ hydrogen ion H¯ hydride Li+ lithium ion F¯ fluoride Note that the Na+ sodium ion Cl¯ chloride letters in an ion's K+ potassium ion Br¯ bromide name before the Rb+ rubidium ion I¯ iodide -ide ending is Cs+ cesium ion O2¯ oxide the stem.For Be2+ beryllium ion S2¯ sulfide example, the stem . Chemical reaction: P₄S₃ + NO₃⁻ + H⁺ → H₃PO₄ + SO₄⁻ + NO. The molar mass of phosphoric acid is 97.99 g/mol. Hydrogen phosphate is an inorganic ion with the chemical formula \ (\left [\mathrm {HPO}_ {4}\right]^ {2-}\). Some typical cluster ions are selected, activated by collision in a FT ICR cell, and the dissociation pathways were deduced in detail. phosphoric acid. 3 ions started to carry the charge through the membrane. Phosphate rock is the principal source of dissolved and suspended impurities in wet H3PO4. The invention discloses a method for reducing iron and aluminum ions in wet phosphoric acid. Phosphorus is transported through an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) by anions of phosphoric acid. If yes, it's an ACID so follow the acid rules -b. For example . phosphoric acid. On Obelisc N both acids retained by combination of HILIC and anion-exchange mechanisms. Figure 01: Structure of Phosphoric Acid. Large, multivalent ions like iron (Fe) or manganese (Mn) are difficult to remove from the resin surface with brine alone, and can cause fouling of the resin over time. Is Phosphate an anion or cation? Therefore, we do not recommend the use of phosphate eluent, Abstract Sorption recovery of lanthanum, iron(III), aluminum, and calcium ions from phosphoric acid solutions with MTC 1600 macroporous sulfonic cation exchanger under dynamic conditions was studied. However, in the feed solution, the pH was 4.6 and only H2PO4 ions were present. Phosphorous ions are extracted (210) from solutions by adsorbing phosphorous ions in a scavenger and by releasing the phosphorous ions into an eluate during regeneration (230) of the scavenger. 2) carbonic acid. When H 2PO4 ions entered the membrane, a part of them transformed into doubly and triply charged anions; the H+ ions were released in this transformation and returned to the depleted di usion layer. Basicity of an Arrhenius acid is termed as the number of replaceable hydrogen ions present in an acid. Answer is: the coefficient of phosphoric acid is 12. Then it can ionize again forming H+ (cation) and HPO4^2- (anion) and the final ionization produces H+ (cation . When dissolved in water, acids produce H + ions (also called protons, since removing the single . Salts of phosphoric acid can be formed by replacing one, two or three of the hydrogen ions. stronger acid than acetic acid, but weaker than sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Thus, the ion H. 2. Furthermore, the properties of the molecules will result in a differing stoichiometry. In many occasions phosphate ion give coloured precipitates. Spectator ions may be either cations (positively-charged ions) or anions (negatively-charged ions). In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid H 3 PO 4.. Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a weak acid with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4.The pure compound is a colorless solid.. All three hydrogens are acidic to varying degrees and can be lost from the molecule as H + ions ().When all three H + ions are removed, the result is an orthophosphate ion PO 3− 4, commonly called "phosphate". When this anion is bound to a hydrogen atom, it is known as phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4). Thus, the Chemistry questions and answers. Static exchange capacity of the new phosphorus acid cationic exchange resins obtained by phospholysis of polymer based on cube waste of the Shurtan gas chemical complex and a secondary product of hydrolysis industry - furfural was determined by alkalometric titration using 0.1 N solution of NaOH and NaCl, capacity by . 8) HCN . 5) hydrofluoric acid. 4 2 ‾ is an extremely weak acid. The textural properties and surface chemistry of phosphoric acid-modified biochars (PABCs) prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (500-700 °C) were studied based on the results obtained from XRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR, Raman, XPS and elements analyses. Application Notes: Phosphorus and phosphoric acid were separated on Obelisc N and Primesep D . Let us discuss more about hydrogen phosphate anion. It has four atoms of oxygen, one atom of phosphorus and three atoms of hydrogen. Drag each item to the appropriate bin. Phosphate anions are precipitated (262) in form of tri-ammonium phosphate upon introduction (260) of excess amounts of ammonia. Each successive dissociation step occurs with decreasing ease. Cation Anion Cation Anion Cation Anion CaS MgF 2 Cs 2O Fe 2O3 Al 2S3 NaBr FeSO 3 Mg 3(PO 4)2 KNO 3 Na 2SO 4 Ba(NO 3 . The reaction occurs by mixing a cation donor, generally an oxide such as that of magnesium or zinc, with either phosphoric acid or an acid phosphate such as ammonium phosphate solution. View Available Hint (s) Acid H₂O Conjugate base H₂PO4+H₂O H₂PO4+H₂O+ H₂PO H₂O H₂PO, Base Conjugate acid Reset Help Part B . The adsorption capacity and initial . ICE separation. 6) nitrous acid . A process is provided for purifying phosphoric acid, such as wet process phosphoric acid by extracting the impure phosphoric acid with a nonaqueous solvent and contacting the nonaqueous solution of phosphoric acid with a strongly basic anion exchange resin and recovering the purified phosphoric acid by stripping the nonaqueous solution with an aqueous solution. H 3 PO 4 → H + + H 2 PO 4 - H 3 PO 4 - → H + + HPO 4 2-HPO 4 2-→ H + + PO 4 3-Some . The regeneration (230) is performed by ammonia. Microsoft Word - Common Cations, Anions, Acids, and Organic Compounds.doc Author: Administrator Created Date: 8/27/2007 7:00:36 PM . The method for removing metal ions in the phosphoric acid solution according to claim 1 characterized in that the acid solution for the activation of the ion exchange resin is hydrochloric acid having the metal ion concentration of less than 10 ppb based on 35 mass % of hydrochloric acid is diluted in ultra-pure water at a ratio of . Selected bond and angle metrics . Phosphate anions are precipitated (262) in form of tri-ammonium phosphate upon introduction (260) of excess amounts of ammonia. Phosphorous ions are extracted (210) from solutions by adsorbing phosphorous ions in a scavenger and by releasing the phosphorous ions into an eluate during regeneration (230) of the scavenger. Sep 21, 2020. Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) is an odorless and colourless phosphorus containing inorganic acid. 2011 Oct 20;115(41):11355-61. doi: 10.1021/jp2051245. For example, Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) ionizes in its aqueous solution and gives three hydrogen ions, hence the basicity of Phosphoric acid is three. to competition from the achiral anion (entry 2). Sample : 20?L. Anion 1 gives rise to a diagnostic 31 P NMR singlet at −171.7 . Extraction and processing of mined ores produces large amounts of waste containing heavy metal particles, which accumulate in mine tailings and weather and oxidize under open-pit conditions to produce highly toxic and acid mine drainage (AMD) , .AMD is mainly characterized by low pH values and high concentrations of heavy metal ions, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and copper . Phosphoric acid, H, PO,(aq), is a triprotic acid, meaning that pKal pKa2 pKa3 one molecule of the acid has three acidic protons. Then it can ionize again forming H+ (cation) and HPO4^2- (anion) and the final ionization produces H+ (cation . Typically, a diluted strong acid solution like hydrochloric acid (HCl) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is added to brine solutions to remove large irons from the resin. contaminant ions of interest. A model for heterolytic fragmentation of β-ester radicals involving contact and solvent-separated ion pairs is presented. The method comprises the following steps of: oxidizing wet phosphoric acid with hydrogen peroxide; and adding potassium oxalate and sodium carbonate to the oxidized wet phosphoric acid for carrying out chemical reaction treatment so as to partially removing iron and aluminum ions from the wet . A spectator ion is one that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction. Comparison of arsenic acid with phosphoric acid in the interaction with a water molecule and an alkali/alkaline-earth metal cation J Phys Chem A . Extraction and processing of mined ores produces large amounts of waste containing heavy metal particles, which accumulate in mine tailings and weather and oxidize under open-pit conditions to produce highly toxic and acid mine drainage (AMD) , .AMD is mainly characterized by low pH values and high concentrations of heavy metal ions, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and copper . Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental . Strong and Weak Acids Although hydrochloric acid and acetic acid are both acids according to the Arrhenius •1st -determine if the compound is an acid -a. 3) sulfuric acid. Spectator Ion Definition . with di ff erent initial phosphoric acid concentrations of 0.52 and 1.07 M were conducted to evaluate the phosphoric acid puri fi cation of di ff erent AEMs. Each successive dissociation step occurs with decreasing ease. The central phosphorous atom is connected to an oxygen atom through a double bond and to three hydroxyl (-OH) groups through single bonds. The main source of phosphorous is apatite. 2004-09-16. Phosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4 (orthophosphoric acid), is a white crystalline substance which melts at 108 ° F (42 ° C). Suffixes are used based on the ending of the original name of the oxyanion. The acid name comes from the root name of the oxyanion name or the central element of the oxyanion. 4 ‾ is a very weak acid, and HPO. 9) HNO 3. Be sure to include the correct charge! The regeneration (230) is performed by ammonia. stronger acid than acetic acid, but weaker than sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Therefore, ions in phosphoric acid are very important for plants because it is the major source of phosphorous. In short: Buffers using phosphates, such as the commonly used phosphate buffered saline (PBS), are frequently used in biochemical research. 1.Introduction. 4 ‾ is a very weak acid, and HPO. ABSTRACT. Drag each item to the appropriate bin. H 2 PO 4-ions pass through the AEM into anode compartment to form phosphoric acid by combing with H + ions produced by the anodic water oxidation. Both columns and methods can be used for analysis of hydrophilic organic and . The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO 4] 3− is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H +Removal of one or two protons gives the dihydrogen phosphate ion [H Phosphoric acid and thermal treatments reveal the peculiar role of surface oxygen anions in lithium and manganese-rich layered oxides† Jiarong He,‡a Weibo Hua, ‡*ab Aleksandr Missiul, c Georgian Melinte,de Chittaranjan Das,a Akhil Tayal,f Thomas Bergfeldt,a Stefan Mangold,g Xinyang Liu,a Joachim R. Binder,a Michael Knapp,a Helmut Ehrenberg, a Sylvio Indris, *a 11) H 3 PO 3. Its molecular formula is written as H 3 O 4 P and its molar mass is 97.99 g/mol. Chemistry questions and answers. The hydrogen phosphate ion is formed when the phosphoric acid loses two protons from it. For example . Part A Phosphoric acid reacts with water to yield dihydrogen phosphate ions and hydronium ions: H2PO4+H2O=H2PO4+H2O Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs. Phosphoric acid or ortho-phosphoric acid is a phosphorous-containing triprotic inorganic acid with the chemical formula H3PO4. The . The first-formed contact pair of radical cation 4 and diphenyl phosphate anion collapses to products 2 and 3 and, as a minor process, evolves to diffusively free radical cation 4 in aqueous acetonitrile solutions. The cross-linked polysulfone anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) for . The adsorption kinetics and the thermodynamic parameters for the removal of metal ions from carwash effluent using phosphoric acid modified clay were investigated in this study. Drag each item to the appropriate bin. Phosphoric acid is widely used in the manufacturing of phosphate detergents and fertilizers. (NH 4 . 7) HBr. The strong acid ions, such as nitrate, chloride, and sulfate, are excluded and elute as a small peak at 12 minutes. Buffers containing phosphoric ions. In this case, one Mg 2+ is required, as well as one O 2 ¯. 115 PLTL Activity Sheet # 4 7 Identify the cation and anion for the following ionic compounds. This Technical Note describes the theory . Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a weak acid with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4.The pure compound is a colorless solid.. All three hydrogens are acidic to varying degrees and can be lost from the molecule as H + ions ().When all three H + ions are removed, the result is an orthophosphate ion PO 3− 4, commonly called "phosphate". Fertilizer-grade phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is usually made by wet process in which phosphate rocks are attacked by sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Phosphate ion, phosphoric acid occurrence, compounds, identification, reactions. Calcium suppresses the sorption of lanthanum and other elements; in its presence, the dynamic exchange capacity of the sorbent for lanthanum decreases from 53.5 to 11.8 mg g-1, and that for iron . The present invention relates to a method for removing metal ions in a phosphoric acid solution, and more particularly, to a method for removing metal ions in a phosphoric acid solution by activating an ion exchange resin by passing an ion exchange resin through an acid solution; Filling the activated ion exchange resin in a resin tower and washing with ultra pure water; And a step of passing . They are formed by reaction of metal cations with phosphate anions. Importantly, since Ag 2CO 3 rapidly generates the silver phosphate salt from the corresponding phosphoric acid, the more easily . It is typically commercially available in the form of a gel. •Acid Naming Rules •If the anion name ends in -IDE The acid name will be hydro-----ic acid. If the name of the polyatomic anion ended with -ate, change it to -ic for the acid and . It may be applied directly to rusted iron or steel and other surfaces. Since all these acids have the same cation, H+, we don't need to name the cation. . Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous . Reduction . The chemical formula of ammonium phosphate can be represented as. More than 310 kinds of cluster ions of SmPnHkk+ are observed in a single ESI mass spectrum of a mixed solution of serine and phosphoric acid. Acids-For simplicity, the acids that we will be concerned with naming are really just a special class of ionic compounds where the cation is always H +.So if the formula has hydrogen written first, then this usually indicates that the hydrogen is an H + cation and that the compound is an acid. PO. 5.1 Acids 163 Acidic hydrogen atoms Figure 5.4 The phosphate in this fertilizer was made from phosphoric acid. It is also called monohydrogen phosphate. The utilization of phosphoric acid in various sectors, e.g., food industry, is controlled by the authorized concentration limit of impurities. However, industrial phosphoric acid is contaminated with undesirable impurities (such as F, Al, Fe, Mg, etc.). Herein, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the membrane purification process of pretreated industrial phosphoric acid using a . More than 310 kinds of cluster ions of S m P n H k k+ are observed in a single ESI mass spectrum of a mixed solution of serine and phosphoric acid. Phosphate ions are very important in fertilizing industry. In this study, the purification behavior of metallic impurities (Fe, Mg, Ca) from a wet phosphoric acid solution employing the electro-electrodialysis (EED) technology was investigated.
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